The majority of the population world lives in countries where the overweight
and the obesity is charge more lives of people that the failure ponderal.
Obesity or overweight since 1980, has doubled worldwide, in 2014, more than The1900 million adults 18 or older were overweight, of which more than 600 million
were obese and 39% of adults of 18 years or more were overweight and 13% were
obese; But even with those as high numbers of obesity, this can be prevented.
What
is overweight?, what is obesity?, these are questions that we followed, obesity
is a chronic disease of multifactorial origin preventable, which is
characterized by excessive accumulation of fat or general hypertrophy of
adipose tissue in the body; i.e., when the book natural of energy of them human
and other mammals-stored in form of fat body-is increases until a point in that
puts in risk the health or the life. Overweight and obesity are the fifth
leading risk factor for human death in the world. Every year die at least 2.8
million adults as a result of being overweight or obese; Obesity may also be
defined as an abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that can be harmful to
health. The who (World Health Organization) defined as obesity when BMI (body
mass index ratio between height and weight of an individual square) is equal to
or greater than 30 kg/m². Also be considered sign of obesity a perimeter
abdominal in men greater or equal to 102 cm and in women greater or equal to 88
cm.
Obesity is part of the metabolic syndrome, and it is a known risk
factor, i.e., is an indication of predisposition to various diseases,
particularly cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus type 2, apnoea sleep,
stroke, and osteoarthritis, as well as some forms of cancer, gastrointestinal
and dermatological conditions.
Overweight and obesity to increased
greatly over the years. Childhood obesity is one of the most serious public
health problems of the 21st century. The problem is global and is progressively
affecting many countries of low and middle income, especially in the urban
environment. The prevalence has increased to a rate alarming. It is estimated
that in 2010 there were 42 million children overweight worldwide, of which
about 35 million live in developing countries. Obese and overweight children
tend to remain obese into adulthood and are more likely to suffer age earliest
NCDs such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Overweight, obesity and
related diseases are largely preventable. Accordingly there are that give a
high priority to the prevention of the obesity child.
The causes of the obesity are multiple, and include factors such as the
inheritance genetic; the behavior of the nervous, endocrine and metabolic
system; and the type or style of life that will bring. For Mazza (2001) among
the factors that can cause obesity can be attributed a 30% to genetic factors,
40% to non-heritable factors and 30% to the purely social factors, i.e., the relationship between genetic factors and environmental sound of 30% and 70%
respectively. The mechanisms for these factors cause excess body fat are:
-increased intake of calories than the body needs.
-Minor activity physical of which the body accurately.
As with many medical conditions, the caloric imbalance that results in
obesity often develops from a combination of genetic and environmental factors.
He polymorphism in several genes that control the appetite, the metabolism and
the integration of adipocitokine, predispose to the obesity, but the condition
requires the availability of sufficient calories and possibly others factors to
develop is completely. Several genetic conditions which have the trait obesity,
have been identified, but simple single-locus mutations have been found in 5%
of obese individuals. Although it is thought that a long proportion causative genes
are still unidentified, for most that obesity is probably the result of
interactions between multiple genes where non-genetic factors are also likely
important.
